1.chromatic aberration
1.1 Dab tsi yog chromatic aberration
Lub chromatic aberration yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov transmissivity ntawm cov khoom. Lub teeb ntuj yog tsim los ntawm thaj chaw pom lub teeb nrog lub wavelength ntawm 390 txog 770 nm, thiab tus so yog cov spectrum uas tib neeg lub qhov muag tsis pom. Vim hais tias cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov sib txawv refractive indices rau txawv wavelengths ntawm lub teeb xim, txhua lub teeb xim muaj qhov sib txawv imaging txoj hauj lwm thiab magnification, uas ua rau chromatism ntawm txoj hauj lwm.
1.2 chromatic aberration cuam tshuam li cas rau cov duab zoo
(1) Vim muaj qhov sib txawv wavelengths thiab refractive index ntawm cov xim sib txawv ntawm lub teeb, cov khoom-point tsis tuaj yeem tsom mus rau ib qho zoo meej duab-taw tes, yog li daim duab yuav plooj.
(2) Tsis tas li ntawd, vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv, yuav muaj "kab nag" ntawm ntug ntawm cov duab-cov ntsiab lus.
1.3 Yuav ua li cas chromatic aberration cuam tshuam rau 3D qauv
Thaum cov duab-cov ntsiab lus muaj "cov kab zaj sawv", nws yuav cuam tshuam rau 3D qauv software kom phim tib lub ntsiab lus. Rau tib yam khoom, qhov sib txuam ntawm peb xim yuav ua rau muaj kev ua yuam kev vim "cov kab zaj sawv". Thaum qhov kev ua yuam kev no loj txaus, nws yuav ua rau "stratification".
1.4 Yuav ua li cas tshem tawm chromatic aberration
Kev siv qhov sib txawv refractive index thiab sib txawv dispersion ntawm iav ua ke tuaj yeem tshem tawm chromatic aberration. Piv txwv li, siv cov iav qis qis thiab cov iav tawg qis ua cov lo ntsiab muag convex, thiab siab refractive index thiab siab dispersion iav li concave lo ntsiab muag.
Xws li ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke muaj qhov luv focal ntev ntawm nruab nrab wavelength thiab ntev focal ntev ntawm qhov ntev thiab luv yoj rays. Los ntawm kev kho tus kheej kheej curvature ntawm lub lens, lub focal ntev ntawm lub teeb xiav thiab liab tuaj yeem sib npaug sib npaug, uas yog qhov yooj yim tshem tawm cov chromatic aberration.
Secondary spectrum
Tab sis chromatic aberration tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho. Tom qab siv lub lens ua ke, qhov seem chromatic aberration yog hu ua "secondary spectrum". Qhov ntev ntawm qhov focal ntev ntawm lub lens, qhov ntxiv chromatic aberration. Yog li ntawd, rau kev soj ntsuam huab cua uas yuav tsum tau ntsuas qhov tseeb, qhov thib ob spectrum tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.
Hauv txoj kev xav, yog tias lub teeb ci tuaj yeem muab faib ua xiav-ntsuab thiab ntsuab-liab ntu, thiab cov txheej txheem achromatic tau siv rau ob lub sijhawm no, cov spectrum theem nrab tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau raug pov thawj los ntawm kev suav tias yog achromatic rau lub teeb ntsuab thiab lub teeb liab, lub chromatic aberration ntawm lub teeb xiav yuav loj; Yog hais tias achromatic rau lub teeb xiav thiab lub teeb ntsuab, lub chromatic aberration ntawm lub teeb liab yuav loj. Nws zoo nkaus li tias qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem nyuaj thiab tsis muaj lus teb, qhov tawv ncauj theem nrab spectrum tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm tag nrho.
Apochromatic（APO）tech
Hmoov zoo, kev suav cov theoretical tau pom ib txoj hauv kev rau APO, uas yog nrhiav cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb uas nws tus txheeb ze dispersion ntawm lub teeb xiav rau lub teeb liab yog tsawg heev thiab lub teeb xiav rau lub teeb ntsuab yog siab heev.
Fluorite yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, nws qhov dispersion tsawg heev, thiab ib feem ntawm cov txheeb ze dispersion yog ze rau ntau lub iav kho qhov muag. Fluorite muaj qhov ntsuas qis qis, yog me ntsis soluble hauv dej, thiab muaj cov txheej txheem tsis zoo-muaj peev xwm thiab tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov, tab sis vim nws cov khoom zoo heev achromatic, nws dhau los ua cov khoom siv kho qhov muag muaj txiaj ntsig.
Muaj ob peb cov ntshiab fluorite uas tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag hauv qhov xwm txheej, ua ke nrog lawv cov nqi siab thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, fluorite lo ntsiab muag tau dhau los ua cov lo ntsiab muag siab kawg. Ntau lub lens Manufacturers tau zam tsis muaj kev siv zog los nrhiav cov tshuaj fluorite. Fluorine-crown iav yog ib qho ntawm lawv, thiab AD iav, ED iav thiab UD iav yog qhov hloov pauv.
Rainpoo oblique koob yees duab siv tsis tshua muaj dispersion ED iav raws li lub koob yees duab lens ua aberration thiab distortion kom tsawg heev. Tsis tsuas yog txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm stratification, tab sis kuj 3D qauv nyhuv tau zoo heev, uas ua rau kom cov nyhuv ntawm lub tsev ces kaum thiab facade.
2.Distortion
2.1 Dab tsi yog distortion
Lens distortion yog lub ntsiab lus dav dav rau kev pom kev cuam tshuam, uas yog, kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev xav. Hom kev distortion no yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov tseeb ntawm photogrammetry. Tom qab tag nrho, lub hom phiaj ntawm photogrammetry yog rov tsim dua, tsis yog exaggerate, yog li nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov duab yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam qhov tseeb scale cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov nta hauv av kom ntau li ntau tau.
Tab sis vim hais tias qhov no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub lens (convex lens converges lub teeb thiab concave lens diverges), kev sib raug zoo qhia nyob rau hauv optical tsim yog: tangent mob rau tshem tawm distortion thiab sine mob rau tshem tawm coma ntawm lub diaphragm tsis tuaj yeem txaus siab ntawm Tib lub sijhawm, yog li distortion thiab optical chromatic aberration Tib yam tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho, tsuas yog txhim kho.
Nyob rau hauv daim duab saum toj no, muaj ib tug proportional kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov duab qhov siab thiab cov khoom qhov siab, thiab qhov ratio ntawm ob yog lub magnification.
Nyob rau hauv ib qho zoo tshaj plaws imaging system, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov khoom dav hlau thiab lub lens yog ruaj ruaj, thiab qhov magnification yog ib tug tej yam nqi, yog li tsuas muaj ib tug proportional kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov duab thiab cov khoom, tsis muaj distortion ntawm tag nrho cov.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb imaging system, txij li lub spherical aberration ntawm tus thawj ray sib txawv nrog rau qhov nce ntawm lub teb lub kaum sab xis, qhov magnification tsis tas mus li ntawm daim duab dav hlau ntawm ib khub ntawm cov khoom sib txuas, uas yog, qhov loj ntawm lub dav hlau. qhov nruab nrab ntawm daim duab thiab qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm ntug tsis sib xws, cov duab poob nws qhov zoo sib xws rau cov khoom. Qhov teeb meem no uas deforms daim duab yog hu ua distortion.
2.2 Yuav ua li cas distortion cuam tshuam qhov raug
Ua ntej, qhov yuam kev ntawm AT (Huab cua Triangulation) yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua yuam kev ntawm qhov tuab point huab, thiab yog li tus kwv tij yuam kev ntawm cov 3D qauv. Yog li ntawd, lub hauv paus txhais tau tias square (RMS ntawm Reprojection yuam kev) yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb uas lub hom phiaj muaj kev cuam tshuam txog qhov kawg qauv raug. Los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas tus nqi RMS, qhov tseeb ntawm tus qauv 3D tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yooj yim. Qhov me me ntawm tus nqi RMS, qhov tseeb ntawm tus qauv yog siab dua.
2.3 Dab tsi yog yam uas cuam tshuam rau lub lens distortion
focal ntev
Feem ntau, qhov ntev ntawm qhov focal ntev ntawm ib lub lens ruaj khov, qhov me dua qhov distortion; qhov luv qhov focal ntev, qhov ntau dua qhov distortion. Txawm hais tias qhov distortion ntawm ultra-ntev focal ntev lens (tele lens) yog twb me me, qhov tseeb, thiaj li yuav coj mus rau hauv tus account lub davhlau qhov siab thiab lwm yam tsis, lub focal ntev ntawm lub lens ntawm lub aerial-survey lub koob yees duab yuav tsis tau. uas ntev.Piv txwv li, cov duab hauv qab no yog Sony 400mm tele lens. Koj tuaj yeem pom tias lub lens distortion me me, yuav luag tswj tsis pub dhau 0.5%. Tab sis qhov teeb meem yog tias yog tias koj siv lub lens no los sau cov duab ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm 1cm, thiab lub davhlau qhov siab yog 820m.let drone ya ntawm qhov siab no yog qhov tsis muaj tseeb.
Lens ua
Lens ua yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim lub lens, uas muaj tsawg kawg yog 8 txheej txheem. Cov txheej txheem ua ntej suav nrog cov khoom siv nitrate-chim folding-xuab zeb dai-sib tsoo, thiab cov txheej txheem tom qab siv cov txheej txheem-txheej-adhesion-ink txheej. Kev ua kom raug thiab ua haujlwm ib puag ncig ncaj qha txiav txim siab qhov tseeb kawg ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag kho qhov muag.
Kev ua haujlwm tsawg tsawg muaj qhov ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov duab distortion, uas ncaj qha ua rau lub lens tsis sib xws, uas tsis tuaj yeem raug ntsuas lossis kho, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov raug ntawm 3D qauv.
Lens installation
Daim duab 1 qhia lub lens qaij thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa lub lens;
Daim duab 2 qhia tau hais tias lub lens tsis concentric thaum lub lens installation txheej txheem;
Daim duab 3 qhia txog kev teeb tsa raug.
Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej saum toj no, cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa hauv thawj ob qhov xwm txheej yog tag nrho "tsis ncaj ncees lawm" kev sib dhos, uas yuav rhuav tshem cov qauv kho, ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem xws li qhov muag plooj, tsis sib xws screen thiab dispersion. Yog li ntawd, nruj precision tswj tseem yuav tsum tau thaum lub sij hawm ua thiab sib dhos.
Lens assembling txheej txheem
Lub lens sib dhos txheej txheem yog hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm tag nrho cov lens module thiab cov duab sensor. Cov tsis xws li txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus thiab qhov tangential distortion nyob rau hauv lub koob yees duab calibration tsis piav qhia txog cov teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib dhos yuam kev.
Feem ntau hais lus, ib qho me me ntawm kev sib dhos ua yuam kev tuaj yeem zam tau (qhov tseeb, qhov siab dua qhov sib dhos, qhov zoo dua). Ntev npaum li qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas tsis raug, cov duab distortion tuaj yeem suav tau ntau dua, thiab tom qab ntawd cov duab distortion tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm. Kev vibration tuaj yeem ua rau lub lens txav me ntsis thiab ua rau lub lens distortion tsis hloov. Qhov no yog vim li cas lub koob yees duab kev sojntsuam huab cua yuav tsum tau kho thiab rov ntsuas dua tom qab lub sijhawm.
2.3 Rainpoo oblique lub koob yees duab lens
Ob npaug Gauβ qauv
Kev yees duab oblique muaj ntau yam kev xav tau rau lub lens, kom me me, lub teeb hauv qhov hnyav, tsis tshua muaj duab distortion thiab chromatic aberration, siab nyob rau hauv cov xim luam tawm, thiab siab daws teeb meem. Thaum tsim lub lens qauv, Rainpoo lub lens siv ob Gauβ qauv, raws li qhia hauv daim duab:
Cov qauv muab faib ua pem hauv ntej ntawm lub lens, lub diaphragm, thiab tom qab ntawm lub lens. Pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua "symmetrical" nrog rau cov diaphragm. Xws li ib tug qauv tso cai rau ib co ntawm cov chromatic aberrations generated nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej thiab rear tshem tawm ib leeg, yog li nws muaj zoo zoo nyob rau hauv calibration thiab lens loj-tswj nyob rau hauv lub lig theem.
Daim iav aspheric
Rau lub koob yees duab oblique kev koom ua ke nrog tsib lo ntsiab muag, yog tias txhua lub lens ob npaug ntawm qhov hnyav, lub koob yees duab yuav hnyav tsib zaug; Yog hais tias txhua lub lens doubles nyob rau hauv ntev, ces lub oblique lub koob yees duab yuav tsawg kawg yog ob npaug rau loj. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsim, thiaj li yuav tau txais ib tug siab ntawm daim duab zoo thaum lub sij hawm kom ntseeg tau tias lub aberration thiab ntim yog me me li sai tau, aspheric lo ntsiab muag yuav tsum tau siv.
Aspherical lo ntsiab muag tuaj yeem rov ua kom pom lub teeb tawg los ntawm lub ntsej muag kheej kheej rov qab mus rau qhov kev tsom xam, tsis tsuas yog tuaj yeem tau txais kev daws teeb meem siab dua, ua kom cov xim luam tawm qib siab, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev kho aberration nrog ib qho me me ntawm lo ntsiab muag, txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag kom ua tiav. lub koob yees duab sib dua thiab me dua.
Distortion kho tech
Qhov yuam kev hauv cov txheej txheem sib dhos yuav ua rau lub lens tangential distortion nce. Txo qhov kev sib dhos yuam kev no yog cov txheej txheem kho distortion. Cov duab hauv qab no qhia txog schematic daim duab ntawm tangential distortion ntawm lub lens. Feem ntau, qhov distortion displacement yog symmetrical nrog rau sab laug sab laug - sab xis sab xis, qhia tias lub lens muaj lub kaum sab xis tig perpendicular mus rau cov kev taw qhia, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib dhos yuam kev.
Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom pom tseeb qhov tseeb thiab zoo, Rainpoo tau ua ntau yam kev kuaj xyuas nruj ntawm kev tsim, ua thiab sib dhos:
Nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev tsim, txhawm rau ua kom lub coaxiality ntawm lub lens sib dhos, kom deb li deb tau los xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov lens installation dav hlau yog ua tiav los ntawm ib qho clamping;
②Siv cov khoom xa tuaj txawv teb chaws ntawm cov tshuab dhos ua haujlwm siab kom paub meej tias qhov tseeb ntawm machining mus txog qib IT6, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kom ntseeg tau tias cov coaxiality kam rau ua yog 0.01mm;
③Txhua lub lens yog nruab nrog cov txheej txheem siab-precision tungsten steel plug gauges ntawm lub voj voog sab hauv (txhua qhov loj me muaj tsawg kawg 3 qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv), txhua feem raug soj ntsuam nruj me ntsis, thiab txoj hauj lwm kam rau ua xws li parallelism thiab perpendicularity raug kuaj pom los ntawm ib peb-coordinate ntsuas ntsuas;
④ Tom qab txhua lub lo ntsiab muag raug tsim, nws yuav tsum raug tshuaj xyuas, suav nrog kev daws teeb meem thiab cov ntawv ntsuas, thiab ntau yam ntsuas xws li kev daws teeb meem thiab xim ntawm lub lens.
RMS ntawm Rainpoo's lo ntsiab muag tec
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